Which of the following has contributed most to the growth of new religious expressions and spiritualities?

The desire for self-direction has significantly contributed to the growth of new religious expressions and spiritualities. In contemporary society, many individuals seek personal autonomy and the ability to shape their own beliefs and practices, often moving away from traditional religious institutions that may impose strict doctrines. This quest for self-direction permits individuals to explore diverse spiritual paths, blending various elements from different faiths or creating entirely new spiritual practices tailored to their personal experiences and needs.

In a world characterized by rapid change and a plethora of information from various cultures and belief systems, people increasingly feel empowered to forge their spiritual journeys. This trend reflects a broader cultural shift towards individualism and personal fulfillment, making the desire for self-direction a pivotal factor in the emergence and popularity of new religious expressions. The other options, while they may address certain societal issues, do not encompass the fundamental desire for personal agency that drives individuals to seek out or create new forms of spirituality.