Which of the following best defines polytheism?

Polytheism is best defined as a belief in the existence of several gods. This religious framework is characterized by the worship of multiple deities, each often overseeing different aspects of life, nature, or human experience. These gods typically possess unique personalities, powers, and influences, forming a complex interaction within the religious practices and narratives of societies that embrace polytheism.

The other options, while they may pertain to certain religions or belief systems, do not define polytheism. For instance, the belief in an afterlife and the concept of final judgement are more closely associated with specific religious traditions such as Christianity or Islam, which may or may not be polytheistic. Similarly, recognition of a transcendent dimension is often applicable to monotheistic beliefs, emphasizing a singular divine presence rather than multiple gods. Thus, the correct choice clearly encapsulates the defining characteristic of polytheism.