Which of the following best defines 'paganism'?

The definition of 'paganism' is best captured by the notion of religious traditions that are polytheistic. Paganism generally refers to various spiritual or religious practices that involve worshipping multiple deities, often associated with nature, earth, and ancient traditions. This term is frequently used to describe a wide array of belief systems that are not categorized as the major world religions, which typically center around monotheistic frameworks.

The concept of polytheism—belief in multiple gods—accurately encapsulates the essence of paganism as it encompasses the diverse practices and beliefs found in various pagan cultures throughout history, such as those in ancient Rome, Greece, and among various indigenous tribes worldwide. These systems often involve rituals, festivals, and a strong connection to the natural world and its cycles.

Other options describe concepts that diverge significantly from the definition of paganism. For instance, the belief in a single deity pertains to monotheism, while a sect of Christianity would fall under a specific branch of a monotheistic religion. Lastly, a philosophy that denies the existence of gods relates to atheism and is inherently opposed to the foundational structure of pagan belief systems. Thus, the designation of paganism as polytheistic traditions is the most fitting and accurate