What is a characteristic of atheism?

Atheism is fundamentally characterized by a lack of belief in deities or gods. Therefore, a common attribute is the belief that there is no afterlife, as the concept of an afterlife is often tied to religious beliefs which typically include the existence of a deity or deities. Many atheists assert that without the existence of a divine being, traditional notions of an afterlife become untenable. This perspective aligns well with empirical and scientific thinking that favors evidence and rational inquiry over metaphysical claims.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of atheism. For instance, the idea of reincarnation is more aligned with certain religious traditions, such as Hinduism and Buddhism, rather than atheism. Additionally, while there may be diverse opinions on scientific progress among atheists, it is not a definitive characteristic of atheism. Similarly, uncertainty about the existence of immanent divinity may resonate with various philosophical or agnostic views, but does not represent atheism specifically, which clearly asserts the non-belief in any gods.