What does secularism mean?

Secularism is best understood as the principle of separating religion from institutions, particularly those of government and public life. This separation ensures that religious beliefs do not interfere with or influence state affairs, allowing for a more neutral public sphere where individuals of varying beliefs can coexist. The distinction is significant because it supports the idea that governance and policy-making should be based on rationality and evidence rather than religious doctrine.

This concept is crucial in maintaining freedom of religion, as individuals can practice their beliefs without imposing them on others through state mechanisms. The emphasis on a clear boundary aims to prevent any single religion from gaining undue influence or preference in governmental operations, promoting equality among diverse belief systems.

Options that involve the fusion of religious and state affairs or emphasize spiritual values may reflect alternative philosophical or theological paradigms but do not align with the foundational definition of secularism. The notion of a divine presence in all things relates more to pantheism or spiritual beliefs rather than secularism itself, which is fundamentally about maintaining a separation to uphold pluralism and freedom of belief.