In which two countries is Islam the dominant religion?

Islam is the dominant religion in both Indonesia and Pakistan. Indonesia holds the distinction of being the country with the largest Muslim population in the world, where approximately 87% of its over 270 million people are Muslim. This deep-rooted Islamic cultural influence is reflected in the country's governance, social practices, and community life.

Pakistan, established as a separate nation primarily for Muslims in 1947, has a population that is around 95-98% Muslim. The faith is central to the country’s identity and significantly influences its laws, education, and everyday activities.

In contrast, while Iran is an Islamic republic where the majority adhere to Shia Islam, and Afghanistan predominantly practices Islam as well, the two countries mentioned in the other options do not have Islam as the dominant religion. For instance, India has a significant Muslim population but is primarily a Hindu-majority country. Similarly, South Africa and Thailand have diverse religious demographics, with Islam being a minority in both contexts. Iraq indeed has a majority Muslim population, but pairing it with the countries mentioned in other choices does not align with the significant Muslim dominance seen in Indonesia and Pakistan.