How is karma defined in Hinduism and Buddhism?

Karma is primarily defined as the law of cause and effect in both Hinduism and Buddhism. This principle suggests that every action has corresponding consequences, influencing an individual’s current life and future rebirths. In Hinduism, this means that good actions lead to positive outcomes, promoting spiritual growth and ultimately liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death (samsara). Similarly, in Buddhism, karma plays a crucial role in understanding how actions determine one's experiences and suffering, affecting the journey towards enlightenment (nirvana).

The other options, while relating to concepts within these religions, do not encapsulate the comprehensive understanding of karma. For instance, while reincarnation is associated with karma, it is just one aspect rather than the defining principle. Ethical guidelines do exist within both faiths, but they are separate from the concept of karma itself. Additionally, a system of rituals may be part of the religious practice but does not directly define karma's essence as the relationship between actions and their effects.