How do sociologists define religion?

Sociologists define religion as a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things because this definition encapsulates the essential components of what constitutes a religion. It highlights that religion is not just a personal or arbitrary belief but rather a structured system that includes shared values, rituals, and symbols specific to a group. The focus on "sacred things" points to the distinction between the sacred and the profane, which is crucial in understanding the significance of religious practices and beliefs within a community.

This definition also addresses the collective nature of religion, emphasizing that it is about shared experiences and communal practices that bind individuals together. It encompasses organized components like doctrines, rituals, and ethical guidelines, which are pivotal in the way religions function socially and culturally.

The other options do not adequately capture the full scope of what religion entails. A collection of cultural values and traditions may describe aspects of religion but lacks the focus on sacredness and organized beliefs. A political ideology governing societal norms does not pertain to spirituality or the transcendent aspects that most religions address. Lastly, a set of personal beliefs without community involvement misses the communal aspect that is a core characteristic of religious practice, where beliefs are often enriched and reinforced through collective rituals and social interactions.